Free Essays on My Philosophy

Who am I? My Philosophy of life over the recent long periods of learning â€Å"philosophy,† according to its, is amazingly dubious and befuddling. It very well may be identified with anything to do with thought, observation, and even essential human presence. Nonetheless, over the notes, readings and class conversation I have been a piece of as the months progressed, I discovered that way of thinking is basically the investigation of information. It is likewise portrayed as the adoration for shrewdness. Thus, in further characterizing way of thinking, maybe it is simpler to just state what it could possibly include as opposed to attempting to locate a solid and firm definition. Theory incorporates the investigations of rationale, morals, mysticism, and epistemology. Rationale manages the standards and frameworks of thinking. We find and decipher data by this strategy. Morals includes the standards of ethics and the judgment of â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† direct. In this present reality where individuals are killing, taking and hurting one another, it’s elusive the positive qualities in individuals now a days. The individuals who are doing these things need assistance. That’s where individuals with great ethics can step in ideally and change the manner in which they think. I believe that individuals are made at first great and afterward go make their own temperament, which is the thing that Plato thought. He accepted that when you are conceived, you are brought into the world with a â€Å"clean slate.† I can concur with this by what I have realized In chapel with my religion, and I feel that anybody that has faith in God can accept this. Presently a few of us have it superior to other, which can truly hurt our odds to do well in this world. On the off chance that you where conceived in an awful neighborhood with a great deal of savagery and medications, at that point hung out all with an awful group, odds are you will end up being a terrible individual. That why these children should be placed the correct way. Aristotle said that everybody lived to be cheerful, that is something that I thoroughly concur with. Despite the fact that various things make various individuals ha... Free Essays on My Philosophy Free Essays on My Philosophy Who am I? My Philosophy of life over the recent long stretches of learning â€Å"philosophy,† according to its, is incredibly ambiguous and confounding. It very well may be identified with anything to do with thought, recognition, and even fundamental human presence. In any case, over the notes, readings and class conversation I have been a piece of as the months progressed, I discovered that way of thinking is essentially the investigation of information. It is likewise portrayed as the adoration for intelligence. Subsequently, in further characterizing way of thinking, maybe it is simpler to just state what it might possibly include instead of attempting to locate a solid and firm definition. Theory incorporates the investigations of rationale, morals, transcendentalism, and epistemology. Rationale manages the standards and frameworks of thinking. We find and decipher data by this strategy. Morals includes the standards of ethics and the judgment of â€Å"good† and â€Å"badâ €  direct. In reality as we know it where individuals are killing, taking and hurting one another, it’s elusive the positive qualities in individuals now a days. The individuals who are doing these things need assistance. That’s where individuals with great ethics can step in ideally and change the manner in which they think. I imagine that individuals are made at first great and afterward go make their own temperament, which is the thing that Plato thought. He accepted that when you are conceived, you are brought into the world with a â€Å"clean slate.† I can concur with this by what I have realized In chapel with my religion, and I imagine that anybody that has confidence in God can accept this. Presently a few of us have it superior to other, which can truly hurt our odds to do well in this world. On the off chance that you where conceived in an awful neighborhood with a great deal of viciousness and medications, at that point hung out all with an awful group, odds are you will end up being a terrible individual. That why these children should be placed the correct way. Aristotle said that everybody lived to be upbeat, that is something that I absolutely concur with. Despite the fact that various things make various individuals ha...

A Literary review of William Shakespeare's play Othello Essay

A Literary survey of William Shakespeare's play Othello - Essay Example He is commendable from multiple points of view, and appears to have had a chaste existence before the intruding of Iago in his relationship with his better half Desdemona. Regardless of all his courageous characteristics, there is one thing that ends up being his ruin: Othello can't liberate himself from the partiality against his religion and race which he faces, and this makes him over-touchy to analysis and excessively rushed in shielding his respect. Iago portrays Othello at the very beginning of the play as â€Å"The Moor† (1.1.39) and Roderigo calls him â€Å"the-thick lips† (1.1.65) before we have gotten an opportunity even to meet him, and this lays everything out of a general public which judges individuals by the shade of their skin. In Shakespearean occasions English crowds would infrequently have seen a dark man, thus this component of contrast would have been something intriguing and maybe additionally a touch of stunning to them as well. Plainly Iago doesn 't care for Othello. The men of Venice presume that he has utilized black magic, which isn't admissible for Christian residents and a Senator asks â€Å"Did you by backhanded and constrained courses/Subdue and toxic substance this youthful maid’s expressions of love/Or came it in response to popular demand and such reasonable inquiry/As soul to soul affordeth? (1.3.111-113) Against such an outrageous proposal, Othello reacts with an answer that would stresses his own boldness and her own openly given love for him: â€Å"She cherished me for the risks I had passed,/And I adored her that she pitied them. This just is the black magic I have used.† (1.3.166-168) Othello needs to resemble the remainder of them, effective in his activity and content with his better half, whom he cherishes. Sadly, this is correctly what Iago despises, on the grounds that Iago is desirous and feels that individuals who are not Venetians and Christians ought not appreciate the advantages of a respectable position. At the point when Iago sets up his arrangement to deceive Othello by imagining that Desdemona is unfaithful, he is focusing on where Othello is generally powerless. His unadulterated and delightful spouse is, to Othello, the most valuable thing in his life. For Othello, Desdemona’s love means acknowledgment in this new world, and her customary honesty and magnificence are simply the characteristics that he can't have, due to his appearance and foundation. Through her, he feels content with the and fruitful finally after numerous long stretches of hardship. This is a sort of pride, yet a great many people would excuse him for this since he is a loyal spouse and obedient worker of the court. One of the fascinating parts of the play is the way that Othello trusts Iago’s allegations, and doesn't trust in the dedication of Desdemona. His response to the allegation is outrageous and he can barely talk before tumbling down in a daze. (4.1.42) His trustwo rthiness and honesty are no utilization to him notwithstanding such trickery, and the alleged information totally overpowers him with the goal that everything he can consider is vengeance. The incongruity of the play is that it is his high good measures, and his connection to respect and obligation that make him so bigoted of assumed betrayal. Toward the finish of the play, when Desdemona is dead and Othello is going to execute himself he attempts to disclose this Catch 22 to himself and to the crowd. He needs to be recognized as he might have been, a man of high respect yet in addition one who committed an unpleasant and vicious error: â€Å"An decent killer, maybe,/For nothing I did in abhor, however all in honour.†

The Risks of Snorting Cacao Powder

The Risks of Snorting Cacao Powder Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print The Risks of Snorting Cacao Powder By Naveed Saleh, MD, MS twitter linkedin Naveed Saleh, MD, MS, is a medical writer and editor covering new treatments and trending health news. Learn about our editorial policy Naveed Saleh, MD, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 26, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 06, 2020 R Tsubin/Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Club goers in Europe and the U.S. are snorting lines of raw cacao powder, used to make chocolate, as well as taking cacao pills and drinking cacao-infused drinks for their latest “natural highs.” Unlike phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust), MDMA (ecstasy or Molly), and cocaine, cacao isn’t considered a controlled substance by the U.S. government; in other words, sniffing cacao isn’t illegal. Furthermore, there’s only scattered and scant research on the neurological effects of cacao and chocolate. In an attempt to contextualize the apparent highs derived from cacao, let’s take a more detailed look at what cacao is composed of as well as the research attempting to explain its effects, vis-à-vis chocolate, on the central nervous system. Composition of Cacao The cacao bean contains more than 50% fat. Other components of cacao include protein and other nitrogen-containing compounds, such as theobromines and caffeine. Between 20 and 25% of the cacao bean is sugar or carbohydrates.?? As any health-conscious person likely knows, cacao is rich in antioxidants, including flavonoids like epicatechin and catechin. When the cacao bean is processed into cocoa powder and chocolate by means of fermentation and roasting, it loses much of its antioxidant content. Cacao contains multifarious other compounds with potential biologic and psychoactive effects including:?? PhenylethylamineSerotoninTryptophanTryptamineTyramineTyrosineAnandamideSalsolinolTetrahydro-b-carbolines Several of these compounds are metabolized by the body before they ever make it to circulation.?? Specifically, the biologic amines serotonin, tryptophan, phenylethylamine, tyramine, tyrosine, and tryptamine are broken down by monoamine oxidases in the kidneys, liver, and intestines. (People who are deficient in monoamine oxidases must avoid chocolate so as not to develop headaches and high blood pressure.) Potential Cognitive Effects of Snorting Cacao Powder It’s a stretch to call cacao or chocolate a drug. However, because chocolate cravings are somewhat similar to symptoms of substance dependence, some researchers have been inspired to examine the mechanistic effects of chocolate on the brain.?? Anandamide Compounds: Two analogs of anandamide are found in chocolate. These anandamide analogs are similar to cannabinoids (marijuana) and may result in euphoria. Instead of directly causing euphoria, however, these anandamide compounds exert a more circuitous effect by inhibiting the breakdown of endogenous anandamide  which are already produced in the body.?? Serotonin Effects: Serotonin moderates a number of physiological processes in the body, including sleep, impulse control, and appetite.?? For a long time, experts hypothesized that serotonin linked food cravings and mood and that craving for chocolate and carbohydrates somehow sated serotonin deficienciesâ€"especially in those people who are depressed.?? In fact, studies involving people with seasonal affective disorder and atypical depression somewhat support this hypothesis.?? Nevertheless, the phenomenon of chocolate craving as a biological response to depression is most obviously undercut by the fact that many people with melancholic depression don’t crave food at all. Another reason the hypothesis that chocolate consumption is linked to serotonin and positive mood may be flawed has to do with research that suggests serotonin levels are raised only after consumption of foods that are less than two percent protein; calorically, chocolate is five percent protein.?? Research published in 2013 also suggests that the mood benefits of chocolate and carbohydrates occur independently of serotonin, suggesting that these mood benefits are likely much more complex than can be explained by serotonin alone.?? Opioid Effects: People who are dependent on heroin and other opioids often crave sweets like chocolate.?? Additionally, other physical states including pregnancy, menstruation, alcohol dependence, and eating disorders also change endogenous, or intrinsic, opioid levels in the body. These associations have led experts to suggest that opioids and chocolate are associated in some way. Research from 2010 tends to support this hypothesis. Specifically, endorphins, which are opioids, are released after eating delicious foods like chocolate. Moreover, the release of such endorphins after eating chocolate or something else that’s sweet and palatable appears to produce analgesia, or pain relief, as well as mood elevation.?? Moreover, the analgesic effect of sweet stuff like sugar solutions and chocolate can be reversed by naltrexone, an opioid antagonist which is also given to people who experience heroin opioid dependence.?? Catechin and Epicatechin: The flavonoids catechin and epicatechin present in cacao rapidly make their way into circulation after consumption of chocolate. Furthermore, based on animal studies, epicatechin and catechin cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain. This accumulation of flavonoids may exert beneficial cognitive effects.?? Cerebral Blood Flow: In order for our brains to function well, we need good cerebral blood flow or circulation. Proper cerebral circulation is necessary to supply glucose and oxygen to the brain and clear waste products. Research suggests that cacao, wine, grapes, berries, tomatoes, and soy are all polyphenol-rich foods that promote vasodilation of brain blood vessels and thus enhance brain circulation. These brain effects may help explain improved motivation, attention, concentration, memory, visual tasks, and other cognitive and cerebral benefits of cacao.?? Interestingly, flavonoids present in cacao may also decrease blood-vessel endothelial senescence in those who eat it, suggesting anti-aging effects. In other words, chocolate may help make your brain younger. Flavonoids may also protect neurons from damage caused by neurotoxins, reduce inflammation of neurons, and improve learning, memory, and cognitive function.?? Dopamine Effects: People no longer eat predominantly to satisfy energy deficits but rather eat mostly for pleasure. If you’ve ever had dessert at a restaurant after stuffing yourself on appetizers and the main course, you may agree. The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is involved in the effects of drugs of misuse. Consumption of cacao and chocolate may also activate the body’s dopamine receptors.?? This activation is likely not specific to chocolate per se and caused by the consumption of other foods, too. The Link Between Chocolate and Mood In one research study funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and a grant from Pfizer, Australian researchers examined chocolate craving in people with depression, atypical depression, and certain personality traits (neuroticism). Hyperphagia, or excess eating, is a prominent symptom in those with atypical depression.?? Researchers analyzed online survey responses from 2692 participantsâ€"soliciting data on depressive symptoms, demographics, treatments of depressive episodes, personality constructs, and whether chocolate was craved when depressed. All survey respondents were more than 18 years old, with the average age being 40 years old. Research participants experienced depressive symptoms for two or more weeks. About 71% of the survey respondents were women, 74% had taken antidepressant medications in the past, and 78% had received counseling or other forms of psychotherapy. Among survey respondents, 54% reported food cravings, with 45% craving chocolate specifically. Additionally, among those respondents who craved chocolate, 61% attested to the capacity of chocolate to improve their mood. Chocolate cravers also said that chocolate made them feel less annoyed and anxious. Researchers also found that chocolate was craved by people with neuroticism and that chocolate craving was indicative of atypical depression. Although results from this study generally point to the improved mood among people who consume cacao-derived chocolate, there are some issues that limit the applicability and generalizability of these findings. First, the results of this study were self-reported and not validated by the researchers. Second, the participants had depression and possibly neuroticism, and the researchers didn’t examine people without depression and neuroticism. In other words, these results don’t automatically apply to people without depression or possibly neuroticism. Presumably, many club-goers who snort cacao don’t have depression or neuroses. What It All Means We might never know exactly whether the “natural high” experienced after snorting lines of cacao is, in fact, specific to chocolate or a placebo effect. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI): “The placebo effect is defined as a physiological response following the administration of a pharmacologically inert ‘remedy.’ The word placebo means ‘I will please,’ and the placebo effect has a long history of use (and abuse) in medicine. The reality of the effect is undisputed.”?? Research suggests that cacao and chocolate do exert some mood and cognitive effects. The mechanism of such activity likely involves various neurotransmitters and so forth. In other words, there’s probably no one single reason why these substances elevate mood.??     There are issues, however, with the claim that snorting cacao is natural. Except for your fingers, sticking anything up your nose is unnatural and, unless directed by your physician, refrain from snorting anything. Even over-the-counter (OTC) nasal decongestants can have adverse effects if used excessivelyâ€"notably the development of rebound congestion which can result in a vicious cycle of dependence for the user.?? A couple of concerns that come to mind when people snort foreign substances are inflammation and infection. Foreign substances introduced into the respiratory tract can cause inflammation that, in turn, can predispose a person to infection.?? If a person often engages in late-night clubbing, drinking, illicit drug use, and cacao sniffing, the immune system can get run down and predisposed to respiratory infection, especially in the presence of inflammation.   Please note that these concerns are specific to sniffing cacao and don’t necessarily apply to cacao pills or cacao-infused drinks, which apparently also lead to anecdotal highs. Nevertheless, it’s always best to use caution whenever you buy something novel and unregulated.

The Donner Party, Ill-Fated Settlers Turned to Cannibalism

The Donner Party was a group of American settlers heading to California who became stranded in heavy snows in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in 1846. Isolated in horrific conditions, about half of the original group of nearly 90 people died of starvation or exposure. Some of the survivors turned to cannibalism in order to survive. After those who managed to stay alive were rescued in early 1847, the story of horror in the mountains appeared in a California newspaper. The tale made its way east, circulated through newspaper articles, and became part of western lore. Fast Facts: The Donner Party About half of a group of nearly 90 settlers heading to California in 1846 starved when snowbound.Disaster was caused by taking an untested route which added weeks to the journey.Survivors eventually resorted to cannibalism.Story circulated widely through newspaper stories and books. Origin of the Donner Party The Donner Party was named for two families, George Donner and his wife and children, and George’s brother Jacob and his wife and children. They were from Springfield, Illinois, as was another family traveling with them, James Reed and his wife and children. Also from Springfield were various individuals associated with the Donner and Reed families. That original group left Illinois in April 1846 and arrived in Independence, Missouri, the following month. After securing provisions for the long trip westward, the group, along with other travelers from a variety of places, left Independence on May 12, 1846. (People would typically meet in Independence and decide to stick together for the journey westward, which is how some members of the Donner Party joined the group essentially by chance.) The group made good progress along the trail westward, and in about a week had met up with another wagon train, which they joined. The early part of the journey passed with no major problems. The George Donners wife had written a letter describing the early weeks of the trip which appeared in the newspaper back in Springfield. The letter also appeared in papers in the East, including the New York Herald, which published it on the front page. After passing Fort Laramie, a major landmark on the way west, they met up with a rider who gave them a letter which claimed that troops from Mexico (which was at war with the United States) might interfere with their passage ahead. The letter advised taking a shortcut called the Hastings Cutoff. Shortcut to Disaster After arriving at Fort Bridger (in present day Wyoming), the Donners, the Reeds, and others debated whether to take the shortcut. They were assured, falsely it turned out, that the traveling would be easy. Through a series of miscommunications, they did not receive warnings from those who knew otherwise. The Donner Party decided to take the shortcut, which led them into many hardships. The route, which took them on a southerly path about Great Salt Lake, was not clearly marked. And it was often very difficult passage for the groups wagon. The shortcut required passing over the Great Salt Lake Desert. The conditions were like nothing any of the travelers had seen before, with blistering heat by day and frigid winds at night. It took five days to cross the desert, leaving the 87 members of the party, including many children, exhausted. Some of the party’s oxen had died in the brutal conditions, and it became obvious that taking the shortcut had been a colossal blunder. Taking the promised shortcut had backfired, and put the group about three weeks behind schedule. Had they taken the more established route, they would have gotten across the final mountains before any chance of snowfall and arrived in California safely. Tensions in the Group With the travelers seriously behind schedule, anger flared in the group. In October the Donner families broke off to go ahead, hoping to make better time. In the main group, an argument broke out between a man named John Snyder and James Reed. Snyder struck Reed with an ox whip, and Reed responded by stabbing Snyder and killing him. The killing of Snyder happened beyond U.S. laws, as it was then Mexican territory. In such a circumstance, it would be up to the members of a wagon train to decide how to dispense justice. With the groups leader, George Donner, at least a day’s travel ahead, the others decided to banish Reed from the group. With high mountains still to cross, the party of settlers was in disarray and deeply distrustful of each other. They had already endured more than their share of hardships on the trails, and seemingly endless problems, including bands of Native Americans raiding at night and stealing oxen, continued to plague them. Trapped by Snow Arriving at the Sierra Nevada mountain range at the end of October, early snows were already making the journey difficult. When they reached the vicinity of Truckee Lake (now called Donner Lake), they discovered the mountain passes they needed to cross were already blocked by snowdrifts. Attempts to get over the passes failed. A group of 60 travelers settled into crude cabins which had been built and abandoned two years earlier by other settlers passing by. A smaller group, including the Donners, set up a camp a few miles away. Stranded by impassable snow, the supplies quickly dwindled. The travelers had never seen such snow conditions before, and attempts by small parties to walk onward to California to get help were thwarted by the deep snowdrifts. Facing starvation, people ate the carcasses of their oxen. When the meat ran out, they were reduced to boiling ox hide and eating it. At times people caught mice in the cabins and ate them. In December, a party of 17, consisting of men, women, and children, set out with snowshoes they had fashioned. The party found the traveling nearly impossible, but kept moving westward. Facing starvation, some of the party resorted to cannibalism, eating the flesh of those who had died. At one point, two Nevada Indians who had joined the group before they headed into the mountains were shot and killed so their flesh could be eaten. (That was the only instance in the story of the Donner Party where people were killed to be eaten. The other instances of cannibalism occurred after people had died of exposure or starvation.) One member of the party, Charles Eddy, eventually managed to wander into a village of the Miwok tribe. The Native Americans gave him food, and after he reached white settlers at a ranch, he managed to get a rescue party together. They found the six survivors of the snowshoe group. Back at the camp by the lake, one of the travelers, Patrick Breen, had started keeping a diary. His entries were brief, at first just descriptions of the weather. But over time he began noting the increasingly desperate conditions as more and more of those stranded succumbed to starvation. Breen survived the ordeal and his diary was eventually published. Rescue Efforts One of the travelers who had gone ahead in October became increasingly alarmed when the Donner Party never showed up at Sutter’s Fort in California. He tried to raise the alarm and eventually was able to inspire what eventually amounted to four separate rescue missions. What the rescuers discovered was disturbing. The survivors were emaciated. And in some of the cabins rescuers discovered bodies which had been butchered. A member of a rescue party described finding a body with the head sawed open so the brains could be extracted. The various mutilated bodies were gathered together and buried in one of the cabins, which was then burned to the ground. Of the 87 travelers who entered the mountains on the final phase of the journey, 48 survived. Most of them stayed in California. Legacy of the Donner Party Stories about the Donner Party began to circulate immediately. By the summer of 1847 the story had reached the newspaper in the East. The New York Tribune published a story on August 14, 1847, which gave some grim details. The Weekly National Intelligencer, a Washington, D.C. newspaper, published a story on October 30, 1847, which described the terrible suffering of the Donner Party. An editor of a local newspaper in Truckee, California, Charles McGlashan, became something of an expert on the story of the Donner Party. In the 1870s he talked to survivors and pieced together a comprehensive account of the tragedy. His book, History of the Donner Party: A Tragedy of the Sierra, was published in 1879 and went through many editions. The story of the Donner Party has lived on, through a number of books and films based on the tragedy. In the immediate aftermath of the disaster, many settlers heading to California took what happened as a serious warning not to lose time on the trail and not to take unreliable shortcuts. Sources: Distressing News. American Eras: Primary Sources, edited by Sara Constantakis, et al., vol. 3: Westward Expansion, 1800-1860, Gale, 2014, pp. 95-99. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Brown, Daniel James.  The Indifferent Stars Above: The Harrowing Saga of the Donner Party. William Morrow Company, 2015.

Where to Kayak

Ethics, Fraud, and Internal Audit at Ut Southwestern Free Essays

There are many taxpayer supported medical schools in this country, most receiving their fees for services through Medicare and Medicaid. The Department of Health and Human Services requires that medical students who have graduated to the resident status have a teaching physician physically present when performing key portions of patient service to be able to bill those services to Medicare. In fact, the patient chart must be legibly signed by the attending physician that they were present and supervising the specific service in order to bill Medicare (â€Å"Guidenlines for teaching,† 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics, Fraud, and Internal Audit at Ut Southwestern or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to an article in the Dallas News, a former employee by the name of Jack Mooney was hired in 1991 by the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center as a reimbursement manager to make sure that all medical billings submitted to Medicare and Medicaid were properly documented and billed (Dunklin Moffeit, 2010). For example, that the teaching physicians were physically present when residents were performing services to meeting the required mandates for Medicare billing. He discovered that was not the case and took the information to his supervisors. Stricter policies were put into place for the departments to follow to make sure that all employees were following the necessary guidelines. In 1997, when Mr. Mooney was the director of UT Southwestern’s billing compliance office, he was still seeing and documenting the same problems. Mooney left the college in 1998 shortly after filing a federal whistle-blower lawsuit. The earliest documentation that can be found of UT Southwestern’s Internal Audit departments involvement comes in a 2003 when they approve of some of the college’s compliance policies, but noted that they do not have a policy in place to review reimbursement claim documents. Dallas News notes that six faculty meetings were held during 2007 and 2008 in which billing concerns were discussed. The Internal Audit Annual Reports for those years do not report any ongoing audits, but do report that they provide the billing compliance committee â€Å"independent consultation and guidance to help billing compliance activities address institution risks† (Rubel, 2008). In 2010 we finally see an internal audit performed of UT Southwestern’s billing compliance programs. The report stated that â€Å"the audit identified a significant finding in the Hospital Billing Compliance program†. As of 2010, the program had not yet implemented the 2005 Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Inspector General (OIG) Supplemental Compliance Program Guidance for Hospitals. Although this guidance is voluntary, it is highly recommended by the OIG to help hospitals in â€Å"preventing the submission of erroneous claims and in combating fraud and abuse in the Federal health care programs (â€Å"OIG supplemental compliance†). The guidance specifically states that â€Å"hospitals should have in place procedures regarding resident rotation and monitoring†. The audit report recommends that the compliance program implement the OIG guidance, consolidation of the billing compliance groups (there are currently four), development of a single risk assessment plan with a corresponding audit plan, a monitoring system for both the risk assessment audit plan and the billing compliance audit report. Also of note in the audit report are repeated failures by the same department to meet billing practices. It is noted that these â€Å"recurring systematic failures increase the risk of exposure to potential civil damages and penalties, criminal sanctions, and administrative remedies, such as program exclusion†. The audit recommends that the failures be addressed at the department level and to develop a formal training plan to improve billing compliance. According to the report, all significant findings are tracked by the University of Texas System Audit Office to make sure that all agreed upon recommendations have been implemented. These reports are unavailable for review and there has been no further comment on the billing compliance audit in the 2011 Internal Audit Annual Report. This issue was first brought to light 20 years ago by someone that was hired to review billing compliance. We know that 7 years ago the internal audit department was aware of the issue, but as far as we can tell, no significant audit of the hospitals billing department, in relation to Medicare billing requirements, was completed until 2010. Was the hospital fraudulently obtaining money from the government? Not in so far as anyone has determined. Was the audit department aware of the issue? Yes, as far as we can tell. Did the internal auditors follow the IIA’s mandatory guidance? Yes in the completion of the audit in 2010 but it is my personal opinion, given the facts provided, that the audit should have been ompleted years earlier. ? References Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services. (2011). Guidenlines for teaching physicians, interns, and residents. Retrieved from website: http://www. cms. gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNProducts/downloads/gdelinesteachgresfctsht. pdf Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General. (n. d. ). OIG supplemental compliance program guidance for hospitals (Vol. 70, No. 19). Retrieved from website: http://oig. hhs. gov/fraud/docs/complianceguidance/012705HospSupplementalGuidance. df Dunklin, R. , Moffeit, M. (2010, May 30). Feds probe alleged fraud at ut southwestern, parkland. Dallas News. Retrieved from http://www. dallasnews. com/news/community-news/dallas/headlines/20100530-feds-probe-alleged-fraud-at-ut-southwestern-parkland-. ece Rubel, R. (2008, November 03). Internal audit annual report fiscal year 2008. Retrieved from http://www. utsouthwestern. edu/media/footer_required_documents/aud it-2008. pdf Rubel, R. (2010, February 24). Billing compliance audit report. Retrieved from http://res. dallasnews. com/localnews/responsivedocs_audit_2010. pdf How to cite Ethics, Fraud, and Internal Audit at Ut Southwestern, Papers

Phosphorus Chemical Reactions Of Phosphorus And Its Importance Essays

Phosphorus: Chemical Reactions of Phosphorus and Its Importance Abstract: Aluminum sulfate reacts with phosphates to create aluminum phosphate and a sulfate. The conversion of the phosphate to aluminum phosphate is very important because this allows the phosphate to be easily extracted. This manipulation is used today in industrial waste treatment sights. The removal of phosphates is very important for if phosphates are not removed, they plague bodies of water by feeding algae which clog the surface waters and eventually effect every living and nonliving thing in that environment. Chemical Process: The reactions which occur are the following: Aluminum sulfate(alum) in combination with wastewater can flocculate phosphorus. The Flocculation that happens with aluminum sulfate addition is the formation of aluminum phosphate particles that attach themselves to one another and become heavy and settle to the bottom of a clarifier. The aluminum sulfate and phosphorus mixture can then be withdrawn, thereby removing the phosphate or phosphorus from the wastewater flow. Industrial Applications: The application of this reaction to the industrial world consists of a set of processes to filter out the phosphate. The setup is the following: Purpose: Restrict phosphates to aluminum phosphates for easier disposal of phosphorus. The first step in phosphorus removal is the Rapid Mix. In this stage, alum and waste or water runoff(known as effluent) is blended together as rapidly as possible with the use of a high- speed mixer called a "flash mixer." After this instant mixing, a slower moving process called coagulation and flocculation follows to allow the formation of a floc. These processes occur in a Flocculation Chamber. This floc consists of suspended and colloidal matter, mainly including the aluminum phosphate. Next, the effluent travels to a clarifier in which sedimentation occurs. The heavier aluminum phosphate settles to the bottom then pumps at the bottom of the clarifier pump out the aluminum phosphate via pipes. This aluminum phosphate is then disposed. Currently, there are no economical uses for aluminum phosphate. Also, this chemical process is similar to the process used by laundry detergents. Many detergents contain synthetic phosphates, called tripolyphosphates(TTPs). These chemicals cling to grease and dirt particles(alum in the previous example), keeping them in suspension until the wash water is flushed out of the washing machine. Impact on Society: This reduction in phosphorus is very important. This added phosphorus disrupts the natural cycle of phosphorus. One result of this is an algal blooms, or exponential growth in algae. When algal blooms occur, the surface of a freshwater lake is clouded with an almost finite amount of bacteria because of an increase in a nutrient. In this case an increase in phosphate, a favorite for algae. This deprives the bottom of the lake by cutting off light. A dense mat of algae choke off the lake. Also, phosphates are nutrients for plantlife. When fall approaches, or when phosphate levels are decreased, the algae die and fall to the bottom, changing the bottom from a silt, sand and clay bottom to a sand gravel and rock bottom. When the plants die, they are degraded by aerobic bacteria, which can deplete dissolved oxygen, killing aquatic organisms. As oxygen levels drop, anaerobic bacteria resume the breakdown and produce noxious products. All of this impairs navigation, fishing, swimming and recreational boating. Total phosphorus removal through filters after using alum as a filtering aid achieves 70 to 95 percent efficiency. Phosphates must be filtered out before the water or wastes are dumped back into bodies of water. Glossary Flocculation: The gathering together of fine particles to form larger particles. Effluent: Wastewater or other liquid -- raw, partially or completely treated -- flowing from a basin, treatment process, or treatment plant. Coagulation: The use of chemicals that cause very fine particles to clump together into larger particles. This makes it easier to separate the solids from the liquids by setting, skimming, draining or filtering. Floc: Groups or clumps of bacteria and particles or coagulants and impurities that have come together and formed a cluster. Colloidal: Very small and finely divided. Referring to solids. Does not dissolve and remains dispersed in a liquid for a long time due to small size. Algal blooms: Rapid growth of algae in surface waters due to increase in inorganic nutrients. Bibliography Kerri, Kenneth D. Advanced Waste Treatment. Sacramento, Ca.: CSU, Sacramento, 1987. Adams, Melinda. Environmental Science. Redwood City, Ca.: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1991.

A Biography of JS Bach

A Biography of JS Bach "Listening to Bach is like watching energy pass from gear to gear in a complicated - but perfectly aligned and synchronized individual parts" (Han-Leon, 1997). This description of Johann Sebastian Bach's music captures the essence of the Baroque period, a time when art, music, and architecture were stylistically complex, yet beautiful. Artists were experimenting with new colors, architectural designs were ornamental and extravagant, and composers such as Bach were changing the way music was structured. This paper will review the life and career of Johann Sebastian Bach, the changes in his musical style, and discuss the significance of Bach's music, which can only be described as genius.Johann Sebastian Bach was born in the small German town of Eisenach in 1685. Bach was born into a musical family in which many of his family members held musical positions throughout the region. At an early age, Bach's father, Johann Ambrosius, the town's director of musicians, began teaching Bach the violin and harpsichord, a talent that remained with Bach throughout his life.Tomb of Johann Sebastian Bach at St. Thomas Church...Although Bach's father began his musical education, it was Bach's uncle, Johann Christoph Bach, who first introduced Bach to the organ, the instrument that is associated with Bach's fame. The strong religious ties in Bach's music can be attributed Eisenach since it is the same town that Martin Luther hid from persecution while translating the New Testament into German.Bach's early life was not all melodies; by the age of ten, he had lost a brother, sister, and both his parents. Mortality rates were high at the time so it was common for children to lose their parent early in life. This event marked the beginning of Bach's many travels. In 1695, Bach went to live with his eldest brother, Johann Christoph, in the city of Ohrdruf, who was a...

How to Create a Character Profile the Ultimate Guide (with Template)

How to Create a Character Profile the Ultimate Guide (with Template) How to Create a Character Profile: the Ultimate Guide (with Template) Ask any great novelist and they’ll likely tell you that good writing starts with good characters. But sharp character development is also one of the toughest hills to climb, especially if you’ve struggled to think through those tried-and-true questions that keep you up at night:Are my characters convincing?Do my characters have depth?How do I make sure my character has an arc?If you’re having these doubts, you might want to turn to the age-old solution: a character profile. In this post, we take you through all the steps of creating a character profile requires - and give you a character template that you can use with any story you’re writing.Why create a character profile?What’s the point of filling out a character template? I never end up using all the information in my story, anyway! That’s true. In fact, you shouldn’t try to pack every character detail into your novel. Only use what's relevant to the actual story - otherwise you risk turning off readers with the dreaded "info dump."But the author always needs to understand their characters like the back of their hands. In Creating Unforgettable Characters: A Practical Guide to Character Development, Linda Seger compares the depth of a character to an iceberg. The audience will only see a fraction (maybe 10%) of all that the writer knows about their character. But the remaining 90% is what makes characters actually feel well-drawn, flawed, and real - as though they could live outside of the book itself.Those are the kinds of characters our character questionnaire is here to help you write.PRO-TIP:  If you're still in the beginning stages of building a character and need a name, this character name generator may come in handy.So what makes a good character profile?There are a lot of character questionnaires out there - some are good. Then there's the character template that asks you, â€Å"If your character was a color, what color would they be?†On ce you start answering those kinds of questions in a character template, you might be dealing with overkill. It won’t move the needle at all when it comes to character development.A better character profile is one that actually helps you build a holistic picture of your character in the context of your story. With this in mind, we built a character profile worksheet in three parts. If you treat a person like an apple, they’re going to have three layers of depth: the â€Å"skin,† the â€Å"flesh,† and the â€Å"core.† (Otherwise known as their physical appearance, backstory, and psychology.) That’s how this character template is structured - and if you have a particular area that you’d like to hone, you can skip to it below. Otherwise, this questionnaire will start with the eagle eye’s view of your character. And if you'd like to download it nicely formatted for you already in a PDF format, feel free to do so below! Ready? Let’s begin.PART 1: The Outer Layer, or Physical Appearance PART 2: The Flesh, or Backstory PART 3: The Core, or PsychologyPart 1: The Outer LayerTo be able to identify a criminal, detectives build a painstakingly thorough file of said criminal’s physical characteristics.That’s the goal of this section, which covers the â€Å"skin† of your character: everything from their outer appearance to the way that they speak. Think of it as a kind of offender profile - one that can help you spot your character in the middle of a crowded Times Square.ðŸ“â€" THE BASICSNameAgePlace of birthCurrent locationNationalityEducationOccupationIncome👀 PHYSICAL APPEARANCEWhat's their:eye color?hair style?build?Do they have any distinguishing features (tattoos, scars, birthmarks)?What's their preferred outfit?Do they wear glasses?  Ã°Å¸â€˜â€œWhat accessories are ALWAYS associated with them (cane, pipe, necklace, etc.)?  Ã°Å¸Å'‚What's their usual level of grooming?DisheveledSmart, very put togetherUntidy but cleanOther?Do they have any distinguishing â€Å" tics† and mannerisms?What's their health like? Do they suffer from chronic illnesses?  Ã°Å¸  ¥Describe their handwriting (sloppy, neat, careful, unintelligible).  Ã¢Å" How do they walk?  Ã°Å¸â€˜ £Confident, powerful stridesLazy strollFast, walks at a clipDistracted, eyes on the groundOther?💠¬ SPEECH AND COMMUNICATIONHow do they talk (rapid, slow, measured, drawl, etc.)?What's the style of their speech (elevated, educated, peppered with slang, etc.)?Do they have an accent?Posture:Stiff, militarySlouchingCasual and relaxed‘Turtle,’ tiredOther?Do they gesture?Only when agitated or eagerDoesn’t gestureCompulsive â€Å"hand-talker†Controlled, only to make a pointOther? If so, explain:How much eye contact that they like to make (direct, shifty, etc.)?What's their preferred curse word?What's their catchphrase?Any speech impediments?What are any distinguishing speech â€Å"tics†?What's their laugh like? What do they tend to find funny?D escribe their smile?How emotive are they? Do they wear their emotions on their sleeve? How easily can others to read them?They have a resting _____ face.Bitch 😒Angel 😇Neutral 😠Other?Part 2: The FleshCharacters don’t exist in a vacuum - they’re a product of their environment.This section in the character template dives a bit deeper into your character and covers their â€Å"flesh†: the people, circumstances, and formative influences that filled them out and made them who they are today. It’s the springboard to your character’s biography.⠏ ª THE PASTWhat's the name of their hometown?  Ã°Å¸  ¡What type of childhood did they have (sheltered, neglected, etc.)?Describe their education?  Ã°Å¸  Were they involved in organizations and clubs at school?Sports âš ½Debate ðŸâ€" £Gay / Straight AllianceModel UNDrama 🎠­Other? If so, explain:At graduation, they were named Most Likely To ___________ in the yearbook.  Ã° ŸŽ“Jobs (if applicable)? What would their rà ©sumà © look like?  Ã°Å¸â€™ ¼What was their dream job as a child? Why?Who were their role models growing up? Describe them.  Ã°Å¸â€˜ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ Ã°Å¸â€˜ ¦What's their greatest regret?What were their hobbies growing up?  Ã¢â€º ³Favorite place to be as a child?What's their earliest memory?What's their saddest memory?What's their happiest memory?What's their clearest memory?What are their skeletons in the closet?  Ã°Å¸â€™â‚¬If they could change one thing from their past, what would it be? Why?  Ã¢  ³Describe the major turning points or â€Å"life beats† in childhood.What are three adjectives to describe them as a child?What advice would they give to their younger self?List their criminal record.   👠ª FAMILYFather  Ã°Å¸â€˜ ¨Age (if living)OccupationBriefly describe their relationship with your characterMother  Ã°Å¸â€˜ ©Age (if living)OccupationBriefly describe their relationship with your characterSiblings👠§How many?What are their names and ages?Briefly describe their relationship(s) with your characterChildren  Ã°Å¸â€˜ ¶(if applicable)Age (if living)OccupationBriefly describe their relationship with your characterExtended family  Ã°Å¸â€˜ ´GrandparentsUncles and auntsCousinsOtherWhat's their family's economic status?  Ã°Å¸â€™ °How often do they see their family in a year?ðŸ’Å" EXTERNAL RELATIONSHIPSWho are their closest friends? Describe them.Who are their other significant friends?  Ã°Å¸â€˜â€¹Enemies? Describe them.  Ã°Å¸Ëœ ¡How are they perceived by:strangers in the street?acquaintances at a work function?colleagues in the office?authority figures?friends in their friend circles?children?the opposite sex?extended family?What social media platfo rms are they on?TwitterTumblrFacebookRedditInstagramSnapchatOther? If so, explain.How would they use their social media platforms?How would they fill out an online dating profile for themselves?  Ã¢Å" ¨What’s their role in a group dynamic?  Ã°Å¸â€™ ¡LeaderJokerParentHype manMoochOther? If so, explain.Who do they depend on for:practical advice?mentoringa wingman?emotional support?moral support?How quickly do they respond to emails?  Ã°Å¸â€œ ¨What do they want from a relationship?Who would be their ideal partner?  Ã°Å¸â€™â€"Who is their significant other? Describe them.  Ã°Å¸â€™â€¢How many people would attend their funeral?Part 3: The CoreWe’ve come now to the â€Å"core†: who your character is deep down.This section in the character profile worksheet covers the â€Å"heart† of your character. If a backstory shapes a dynamic character, this will define them. More importantly, it will help inform the two most important points leading up to your nov el: the character’s story goal and story motivation.💠­ PSYCHOLOGYWhat do they do on rainy days?Are they:Street-smart or book-smartAn optimist or pessimistIntroverted or ExtrovertedWhat is their favorite sound?  Ã°Å¸â€Å Favorite place in the world?  Ã°Å¸Å'ŽWhat secrets do they keep? What are they most afraid of people finding out?  Ã°Å¸â€â€™What do they want the most?  Ã°Å¸â€ What's their biggest flaw?What's their biggest strength?What's their biggest fear?What is their biggest accomplishment?  Ã°Å¸â€œË†What is their idea of perfect happiness?What's their favorite quote?  Ã°Å¸â€˜Å'Do they want to be remembered? What for?  Ã¢Å'Å¡How do they approach:power?ambition?love?change?What is the one object or possession that they would rescue from their burning home?  Ã°Å¸â€ ¥What (or who) bores them?  Ã°Å¸â€™ ¤What makes them angry?  Ã°Å¸â€™ ¢What do they look for in a person?How strong is their moral compass? When, specifically, are they willing to co mpromise their morals?List the last 10 books they read.  Ã°Å¸â€œÅ¡Which fictional world would they most wish to visit?If they didn’t have to sleep, what would they do with the extra time?What are their pet peeves?  Ã¢Å¡  If they won the lottery, what would they do?Describe the character’s bucket list at the ages of 15, 20, 30, and 40.List the 10 songs that would occupy their All-Time Most Played playlist on Spotify.  Ã°Å¸Å½ µWhat is the best compliment that someone ever paid them?In an elevator, do they push the elevator button more than once?  Ã°Å¸Å¡ ªWhat would they want their tombstone to say?🔠® THE PRESENT AND FUTUREWhat is their story goal? (answer in a single paragraph)Story motivation (answer in a single paragraph)In other words: what does your character want in the story? Why do they want it? Every other answer in the character template builds up to this. This is critical information to know because it’ll make up the unshakable foundation - and raison d'à ªtre - for your story. Whenever you feel like your story is straying off course, go straight back to your character’s story goal and motivation.And if you lose physical sight of this character template, don’t sweat because we made it a portable resource for you.The Ultimate Character Profile TemplateThis downloadable character profile template will come as a fillable PDF file. Simply save it on to your computer and start typing in the text boxes to start developing your character.Additional resourcesIf you’re in an interrogatory mood and want even more questions outside of this character template, we’ve got your back. Here are some more famous tests with which to quiz your character - and a character questionnaire or two for your further perusal!The Proust QuestionnaireWhat it is: A set of questions popularized by Marcel Proust that digs into an individual’s personality.Some sample questions:What do you regard as the lowest dep th of misery?What is the trait you most deplore in others?On what occasion do you lie?Arthur Aron’s Intimacy TestWhat it is: A questionnaire of 36 questions that the New York Times in 2015 said would break down emotional barriers and accelerate intimacy between two strangers.Some sample questions:Is there something that you’ve dreamed of doing for a long time? Why haven’t you done it?Of all the people in your family, whose death would you find most disturbing? Why?If a crystal ball could tell you the truth about yourself your life, the future, or anything else, what would you want to know?The Book of QuestionsWhat it is: A series of questions by Gregory Stock that was initially published in 1987. (Note: you can find a PDF of 300+ questions here.)Some sample questions:At a meal, your friends start belittling a common acquaintance. If you felt their criticisms were unjustified, would you defend the person?Are you able to separate sex from love?When you make a big sacrifice, do you tell people about it or keep it to yourself? What would you never willingly sacrifice? Your life? Your health? Your integrity? Your dreams?Vault’s 101 Behavioral QuestionsWhat it is: A set of 101 interview questions from career site, Vault.Some sample questions:Where do you see yourself in ten years? Twenty years?Tell me about yourself in 30 seconds.Tell me about a time you had to break a promise. What was the situation and how did you handle it?If you're looking to hone your characters even further, here are seven of the best character development exercises. Keep an open mind as you work through every question and you'll be on your way to creating well-drawn, interesting characters in no time at all.Have you used a character profile or a character questionnaire to develop your characters before? Do you have any dependable character questions that our questionnaire lacks? Tell us in the comments below!

Gender studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender studies - Essay Example ough the work of Beauvoir is influenced by Sartre, one such unique facet has keep herself isolated from the style of Sartre and that is her generosity which is the focus of Beauvoir’s ethical position. Passion and extremism have made this book the significant as well as original. (The Philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir, Gendered Phenomenology, Erotic Generosities) points out the different sources of Beauvoir’s philosophical positions. Bergoffen in the above book has analyzed two streams of thoughts i.e. two voices. One is dominant philosophical and existential while the other is muted voice which operates as the margins of Beauvoir’s primary philosophical identity. Here we are going to study the theme of sexual relationship of man and woman from different feminist’s writers’ point of view. Man and woman relationship has been the engrossing subject of study and many philosophers and critics. The aim of this topic is to discuss and compare the platonic love with the love from modern feminist point of view. In this topic we have considered the different perspectives of love from different writers and philosophers. Plato’s philosophical work called ‘Symposium’ discusses this theme through very thought provoking dialogues. It is a conversation and a type of debate which is happening between Socrates and a lady called Diotima. Here she explains the extent of love. Diotima is very philosophical and abstract in her view and she has exalted attitudes towards love. According to her love between man and woman is divine and very beautiful. ‘It is immortality in a mortal creature.’ (â€Å"Symposium† page 49) Diotima opines that the real object of sexuality is to give birth. Sexual love is the medium which Nature uses for this same purpose. T hus the purpose of love is very noble and that is the reproduction. While describing about the difference between physical beauty and intellectual beauty Diotima argues that intellectuality plays a vital role. The person

Electromagnetism and Mind Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electromagnetism and Mind Control - Essay Example A changing magnetic field will induce a varying electric field and vice-versa—the two are linked both influence and control of the mind. These varying fields form electromagnetic waves (Beckley 18). Electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves in that they do not oblige a medium to propagate. This means that electromagnetic bearing can pass in the course of not only through air and solid materials, but as well through the vacuum of space. Electromagnetic waves has characteristics and this characteristics resolve the extent of ‘‘dangers’’ or effect of the waves and they include; wavelengths, velocity, amplitude, and Frequency. Frequency: The frequency of any waveform equals the velocity divided by the wavelength. The units of measurement are in cycles per second or Hertz. The wavelengths of electromagnetic waves go from extremely long to extremely short and everything in between. The wavelengths determine how matter responds to the electromagneti c wave, and those characteristics determine the name we give that particular group of wavelengths. The amplitude of electromagnetic waves relates to its intensity or brightness (as in the case of visible light).With visible light, the brightness is usually measured in lumens. With other wavelengths the intensity of the radiation, which is power per unit area or watts per square meter is used. The square of the amplitude of a wave is the intensity The velocity is a measure of the displacement per unit time. The standard value of velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum is approximately 300,000 kilometers per second, the same as the speed of light. When these waves pass through matter, they slow down slightly, depending on the size of their wavelength. Electromagnetic waveform All human thoughts, sensations and actions arise from bioelectricity generated by neurons and transmitted through complex neural circuits inside our skull. Electrical signals between neurons generate elec tric fields that radiate out of brain tissue as electrical waves that can be picked up by electrodes touching a person's scalp (Beckley 32). Measurements of such brainwaves present strong insight into brain principle and an important analytical tool for health center. In reality, so elementary are brainwaves to the internal mechanism of the mind, they have turn out to be the decisive, legal definition illustrating the thin line between life and death. Brainwaves modify with a healthy person's awareness and unconscious mental action and state of stimulation. It is probable to selectively control brain function by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Evans 39). This method uses strong pulses of electromagnetic radiation grinned into a person's brain to jam or excite particular brain circuits. Possibility of Electromagnetic wave mind control: Although a cell phone is much less powerful than transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the question still remains: Could the electrical si gnals coming from a phone affect certain brainwaves operating in resonance with cell phone transmission frequencies? After all, the caller's cerebral cortex is just centimeters away from radiation broadcast from the phone's antenna. A study by Rodney Croft, of the Brain Science Institute, Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia gives a degree of justification (Ceres 78) Rodney Croft tested whether cell phone transm

History of the Microwave Oven

History of the Microwave Oven A Brief History of the Microwave Oven Like many of todays great inventions, the microwave oven was a by-product of another technology. It was during a radar-related research project around 1946 that Dr. Percy Spencer, a self-taught engineer with the Raytheon Corporation, noticed something very unusual. He was testing a new vacuum tube called a magnetron, when he discovered that the candy bar in his pocket had melted. This intrigued Dr. Spencer, so he tried another experiment. This time he placed some popcorn kernels near the tube and, perhaps standing a little farther away, he watched with an inventive sparkle in his eye as the popcorn sputtered, cracked and popped all over his lab. The next morning, Scientist Spencer decided to put the magnetron tube near an egg. Spencer was joined by a curious colleague, and they both watched as the egg began to tremor and quake. The rapid temperature rise within the egg was causing tremendous internal pressure. Evidently the curious colleague moved in for a closer look just as the egg exploded and splattered hot yolk all over his amazed face. The face of Spencer lit up with a logical scientific conclusion: the melted candy bar, the popcorn, and now the exploding egg, were all attributable to exposure to low-density microwave energy. Thus, if an egg can be cooked that quickly, why not other foods? Experimentation began Dr. Spencer fashioned a metal box with an opening into which he fed microwave power. The energy entering the box was unable to escape, thereby creating a higher density electromagnetic field. When food was placed in the box and microwave energy fed in, the temperature of the food rose very rapidly. Dr. Spencer had invented what was to revolutionize cooking, and form the basis of a multimillion dollar industry, the microwave oven. A Bit of Trivia: The Speedie Weenie Project In the spring of 1946, Percy Spencer and an associate, P.R. Hanson (Roly Hanson), were working on a secret project they called the Speedy Weenie. Muriel Withrow remembers the project well. She recalls, The Speedy Weenie Project was the nickname Mr. Spencer and my boss, Roly Hanson, gave to their secret project, the microwave [oven] Speedie Weenie meaning a quick hot dog!' (Our thanks to Mrs. Withrow for sharing this little known detail) Click HERE: 1958 Issue of Readers Digest article about Dr. Percy Spencer Click HERE: Wikiverse A World of Knowledge. Article about Percy Spencer with additional links. Nearly 6 Feet Tall, Weighing 750 Pounds Engineers went to work on Spencers hot new idea, developing and refining it for practical use. By late 1946, the Raytheon Company had filed a patent proposing that microwaves be used to cook food. An oven that heated food using microwave energy was then placed in a Boston restaurant for testing. At last, in 1947, the first commercial microwave oven hit the market. These primitive units where gigantic and enormously expensive, standing 5 1/2 feet tall, weighing over 750 pounds, and costing about $5000 each. The magnetron tube had to be water-cooled, so plumbing installations were also required. Initial Reactions Were Unfavorable Not surprisingly, many were highly reluctant about these first units, and so they found only limited acceptance. Initial sales were disappointingbut not for long. Further improvements and refinements soon produced a more reliable and lightweight oven that was not only less expensive, but, with the development of a new air-cooled magnetron, there was no longer any need for a plumber. The microwave oven had reached a new level of acceptance, particularly with regard to certain industrial applications. By having a microwave oven available, restaurants and vending companies could now keep products refrigerator-fresh up to the point of service, then heat to order. The result? Fresher food, less waste, and money saved. New and Unusual Applications As the food industry began to recognize the potential and versatility of the microwave oven, its usefulness was put to new tests. Industries began using microwaves to dry potato chips and roast coffee beans and peanuts. Meats could be defrosted, precooked and tempered. Even the shucking of oysters was made easier by microwaves. Other industries found the diverse applications of microwave heating quite advantageous. In time, microwaves were being used to dry cork, ceramics, paper, leather, tobacco, textiles, pencils, flowers, wet books and match heads. The microwave oven had become a necessity in the commercial market and the possibilities seemed endless. The First Radarange In 1947, Raytheon demonstrated the worlds first microwave oven and called it a Radarange, the winning name in an employee contest. Housed in refrigerator-sized cabinets, the first microwave ovens cost between $2,000 and $3,000. Sometime between 1952-55, Tappan introduced the first home model priced at $1295. In 1965 Raytheon acquired Amana Refrigeration. Two years later, the first countertop, domestic oven was introduced. It was a 100-volt microwave oven, which cost just under $500 and was smaller, safer and more reliable than previous models. By 1975 Sales of Microwave Ovens Exceeded that of Gas Ranges Technological advances and further developments led to a microwave oven that was polished and priced for the consumer kitchen. However, there were many myths and fears surrounding these mysterious new electronic radar ranges. By the seventies, more and more people were finding the benefits of microwave cooking to outweigh the possible risks, and none of them were dying of radiation poisoning, going blind, sterile, or becoming impotent (at least not from using microwave ovens). As fears faded, a swelling wave of acceptance began filtering into the kitchens of America and other countries. Myths were melting away, and doubt was turning into demand. By 1975, sales of microwave ovens would, for the first time, exceed that of gas ranges. The following year, a reported 17% of all homes in Japan were doing their cooking by microwaves, compared with 4% of the homes in the United States the same year. Before long, though, microwave ovens were adorning the kitchens in over nine million homes, or about 14%, of all the homes in the United States. In 1976, the microwave oven became a more commonly owned kitchen appliance than the dishwasher, reaching nearly 60%, or about 52 million U.S. households. Americas cooking habits were being drastically changed by the time and energy-saving convenience of the microwave oven. Once considered a luxury, the microwave oven had developed into a practical necessity for a fast-paced world. An expanding market has produced a style to suit every taste; a size, shape, and color to fit any kitchen, and a price to please almost every pocketbook. Options and features, such as the addition of convection heat, probe and sensor cooking, meet the needs of virtually every cooking, heating or drying application. Today, the magic of microwave cooking has radiated around the globe, becoming an international phenomenon. Inventor Spencer Doctor Spencer continued at Raytheon as a senior consultant until he died at the age of 76. At the time of his death, Dr. Spencer held 150 patents and was considered one of the worlds leading experts in the field of microwave energy, despite his lack of a high school education. On September 18, 1999, Dr. Percy LaBaron Spencer was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and took his place in history alongside such great inventors as Thomas Edison, the Wright Brothers and George Washington Carver. History of the Microwave Oven History of the Microwave Oven Have you ever imagined your life without a microwave oven? To begin with, the word microwave is originated from the Greek word ‘micros, which means small and refers to high frequency radio waves, the shortest waves of the electromagnetic spectrum (ideafinder, 2009). Furthermore, it can be said that microwaves work by heating up water molecules in the food and this saves time from cooking since it is a relatively fast method of cooking compared to others (history, 2009). It all began in 1946, during World War II while a research related to radars was carried out. Dr. Percy Spencer, commonly known as an electronics genius (ideafinder, 2009), was working at that time in one of his experiment laboratories at Raytheon Company. He then realised that something strange had happened. While experimenting on a magnetron, vacuum tube, a chocolate bar situated in his pocked melted and intrigued him. Dr. Spencer did not hesitate and carried out a second experiment to identify the cause of that outcome by placing some popcorn kennels next to the magnetron and as a result the popcorn eventually popped and was thrown all over his lab. Fascinated by this outcome, the next morning Dr. Spencer carried out a further experiment using an egg which exploded from the microwaves radiation and as a result burned his workmates face. At that point the brilliant idea of why not using microwaves to cook food faster came to Dr. Spencers mind. Having made his observations Dr. Spencer designed a metal box, where by using microwaves that could not escape the box, food could be cooked in it quickly. As a result, Spencer and Raytheon during the last months of 1946 manufactured the microwave oven, which was mainly used in restaurants, ocean liners and in the coaches of the trains. By 1947 the invention launched in the market after the name ‘Radarange and it must be noticed that microwave ovens are considered as by-products of another technology, since their invention resulted from the research of another technology, the radars. However, ‘Radarange was huge, weighted 750 pounds, cost around $5000 and had to be cooled down using water after each use which required further costs and acted as a disincentive to consumers. After having made several modifications to the product, the first commercial microwave ‘1161 Radarange launched in the market in 1954 and cost $1295 and its power was 1600 Watts making it enormous and expensive again. This products consumers were restaurants and specific institutions. Later on in 1967 a turning point in the microwave ovens history was made after Amana, a division of Raytheon designed the domestic microwave oven appliance. It cost about $500 and was smaller in size. As years passed by the demand for microwaves increased and in 1975 sales of microwave ovens overcame the sales of gas ranges. As reported 17% of Japanese homes used microwaves as well as 4% of US households. However in 1976, microwave ovens usage rose to 60% in United States (gallawa, 2009). The innovatio n process of microwave ovens resulted from consumers preferences (lecture notes2, 2009). The demand of microwave ovens kept rising and its price kept falling generating competition since even more companies were entering the market. However, Nelson and Winter (1982) support, that technical modification is a guidance to human advancement but can bring about negative externalities as well, influencing the stakeholders. Some believed that microwave ovens would have adverse effects on peoples health but consumers realised that microwave ovens could help them in their everyday life cooking without doing any harm to them since there were no signs of radioactivity (gallawa, 2009). It can be said that it is a result of lateral thinking due to the fact that it eliminates criticisms and disbeliefs of stakeholders (Lecture Notes 2, 2009). As a result of combining several ideas microwave ovens took several forms in order to reflect consumers taste and needs. This means that the manufacturers ac t as business men and target several markets trying to differentiate their products in order to be unique and gain large amounts of profits. An entrepreneur is ‘the owner or manager of a business enterprise who, by risk and initiative, attempts to make profits (Richard Cantillon, 1755, Lecture Notes 1). In this case Dr. Spencer in collaboration with Raytheon, are considered as entrepreneurs since they made the first microwave oven and launched it in the market with the purpose of making profits. According to Joseph Schumpeter ‘Whatever the type, someone is an entrepreneur only when he actually carries out new combinations, and losses that character as soon as he has built up his business'(1934, Lecture Notes 2). This exemplifies that Dr. Spencer was an entrepreneur while experimenting on the metal box in order to manufacture a microwave oven but lost this character when his product got in the market. Additionally, the innovation of this product according to Schumpeters crucial distinction is a discrete change, since this innovation transformed unexpectedly in the market and no existing technology related to it. Some can argue that previous oven versions can be compared to it but the technology used while manufacturing the microwave oven is way much different since it involves microwave waves, which automatically detach it from being similar to any typical oven. Moreover, no signs of previous research concerning the product existed in the market and microwave oven reflected the customers choice. ‘Radarage had nothing similar to it in the market, and therefore predictions about the products success couldnt be made. Dr. Spencer and Raytheon were taking a risk, which was later proven to be a total failure. Improvements to the microwave oven and modifications that occurred later on resulted to gradual changes in innovation. Being closely related to previous editions of the produ ct it then reflected customers choice and remained in the market (Lecture Notes 2, 2009). Freeman (1984) explains stakeholders as ‘any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the firms objectives and stakeholders can either be primary, those who have an immediate effect on the company or secondary, those who do not affect the company but can control it through primary ones. A stakeholder analysis would help while promoting the appliance and responding to the risks arising from this product being in the market. Will everybody be affected? All affected parties should be identified and considered and it must be stated how the product will affect their daily routine as well as if any legal issues might arise regarding the patent of the invention. Then, uncertainty would be reduced if all factors are considered fairly, since risks would be obvious and profits could be determined. Eventually, launch strategies would be designed like improving the current appliance and promoting it in the market by using the most suitable method (Lecture Not es 2, 2009). Nevertheless, the microwave oven plays a gigantic role on societys welfare. From the point in time when Dr. Spencer was experimenting on the magnetron and found out about the melt chocolate bar in his pocket until the conclusion was made stating that microwaves can be used to cook food, innovation started and it was defined. Then as a generating solution, Dr. Spencer through brainstorming and lateral thinking started the design of the new appliance. Afterwards, by combining several ideas he reached the ideal theory for the production of the microwave oven. Additionally, Raytheon Company helped Dr. Spencer with his idea and created the fist microwave oven to be launched in the market and this is described as selecting the optimal solution. Finally, after the construction of the microwave oven, one of the most crucial parts of the innovation process was done, that was to persuade the consumers that by investing in the product, they would get a benefit, and also persuade the company tha t microwave oven would generate profits. Abernathy and Clark (1985) and Martin (1994) highlighted the significance of the new market knowledge. The inventors of the microwave oven should have done enough research about producing exactly what the stakeholders would want and target those specific markets in order to succeed with their product, as it was later done when Amana designed the domestic microwave oven that was practical enough, small and affordable by households. Also, different markets have been approached since microwave oven is used for drying leather, paper and cork. Clarkson (1995) argues that stakeholders are of several ‘interests, claims or rights, proving again that research should be done. If it wasnt for the radical microwave oven, cooking nowadays would have taken more time. It improved peoples lives and it can be found in almost all households and where other kitchen appliances are situated since it is easy and safe to use. It is expected that gradual change will still be observed and that more advanced versions will be launched in the market in the near future just to meet peoples needs.

Genetic Discrimination

Genetic Discrimination 1. Genetic discrimination is prejudice against those who have or are likely to develop an inherited disorder. This is where individuals are tested for certain mutations in their genes that could lead to a specific disorder. This is a problem because people are being discriminated against if these certain genes or mutations are found. Examples of how discrimination is disbursed are that these individuals would have a difficult time getting health insurance and certain employment opportunities. 2. The people who would be at risk in this situation would be the individuals who are found to have mutations that can lead to genetic disorders. They wouldn’t be given the same opportunities as the rest of the public. The people who would benefit would be healthy individuals. They would have less competition in employment and other opportunities. 3. Some ethical principals that would be affected if genetic testing occurs is that people’s privacy is at stake. There are certain aspects that should not be given to the public, especially if these are conditions that can’t be controlled by the individual. On the other hand, knowing an employee has or could have a certain disorder would allow the person in charge to better understand what that person is capable of. They would keep them out of situations that could harm themselves or others. 4. I think you could be on both sides of the argument. Being aware of peoples conditions allows better preparation for job positions. It’s w ay to identify how much ability they will bring to a certain situation. The only real problem I see is that, it’s difficult to punish someone or hold them back because of a condition that they had no control over.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay - 632 Words

Dissociative Identity Disorder Sexual molestation, beating, neglect, burning, and verbal abuse. All of these horrible happenings are believed to be linked to a condition known as Multiple personality disorder (MPD). Multiple personality disorder, also known as dissociative identity disorder, is a mental illness in which a person has two or more identities or personalities. Single personalities randomly take control of the individuals behavior. Usually, the sufferer gives the personalities their own names. These multiple personalities almost always have characteristics that greatly differ from the persons primary identity. A person with this disorder always experiences some amount of amnesia. Most of the time the individual forgets†¦show more content†¦In 1994 the American Psychiatric Association (APA) changed the name of the disorder from multiple personality disorder to dissociative identity disorder. Psychiatrists wanted to emphasize the fact that the disorder is not really made up of many personalities living in one body, but rather of a failure to integrate various aspects of identity into a unified personality (www.mentalhelp.net). Simply put, individuals who suffer from this condition have only parts of personalities. Instead of any one complete identity. Multiple personality disorder is, in most cases, related directly to physical and sexual abuse as a child. It is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to diagnose a young child with this disorder because their personalities arent fully developed at this stage. Another related cause of dissociative disorder is trauma. Whether it be because of, sexual abuse, rape, combat, natural disasters, accidents, concentration camp experiences, loss of loved ones, financial catastrophes or severe marital discord (educationplanet.com). Kluft and Putnam are two psychologists who have proposed a list of causes of multiple personality disorder. 1. A history of repeated child abuse. 2. Subtle alternating personality changes such as a shy child with depressed, angry, seductive, and/or regressive episodes. 3. Amnesia of abuse and/or other recent events such as schoolwork, games and music. 4. Trance-like states. 5. HallucinatedShow MoreRelatedDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1040 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a mental illness that is greatly misunderstood, much like many other mental illnesses. Nicholas Spanos, Professor of Psychology, hypothesized Multiple Personality Disorder as a defense against childhood trauma that creates â€Å"dissociation† or a split mental state. The trauma sustained during childhood is so substantial, that the individual creates different identities to cope with itRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1194 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder is a disorder distinguished by the existence of two or more distinct personality states. It is also known as DID or Multiple Personality Disorder. It is very rare, with only 20,000 to 200,000 known US cases per year. Currently, there is no known cure, but treatment can sometimes help. Many believe that DID can be caused by a significant trauma and is used as a coping mechanism to help avoid bad memories. The disorders most often form in kids victim to long-term physicalRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder970 Words   |  4 Pages Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a severe condition in which two or more dissimilar identities, or character states, are present and alternately take control of an individual. The person experiences memory loss that is vaguely extensive to be explained as common forgetfulness. These symptoms are not taken in consideration for by seizures, substance abuse or any other medical conditions. Description of DID: Symptoms: Read MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2780 Words   |  12 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Imagine waking up in a new house, town, city, even state and not knowing how you got there. Now add onto that thought of forgetting almost a year of your life because someone else, or something, has taken over your body. That is just a look into dissociative disorders in general. Dissociative Disorders are ‘extreme distortions in perception and memory† (Terwilliger 2013). Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), or previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder, isRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2296 Words   |  9 Pagesdefines dissociative identity disorder (DID) as the occurrence of a minimum of two different personalities and maybe more than two. It also clarifies that the switching between the distinct personalities can be observed by the individual who is suffering from dissociative identity disorder or witnessed by others. (Barlow, 2014, P. 1). This disorder used to be known as multiple personality disorder, which is more recognized and understood to peop le without a psychology background. This disorder can beRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1221 Words   |  5 PagesThis research paper is about Dissociative identity disorder (DID) as known as multiple personality disorder. DID in which a person could have many different parts to their personality due to severe stress and an experience of a trauma. A person with DID when the have control over their one identity they cannot remember what they did when their other identities were in control. Most of the time people with DID have two personalities but they could have more than two which is referred as alters. ThenRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder : Dissociative Identification Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder is a mental disorder where an individual experiences two or more distinct personalities. When an individual is diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder, one personality has dominant control of an individual. This personality controls how a person may act and how they live everyday life. A person diagnosed with this disease may or may not be aware of their alternate personalities. Each personality is contrasting of each other withRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2158 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Dissociative Identity Disorder† Through out the years there has been many disorders that continue to be diagnosed on people, many can be difficult to deal with. Some of these disorders can be uncontrollable and can make it harder on the patients who are trying to get better. Disorders are not sicknesses that can be cured and gone with a couple of doses of medicine, disorders are serious problems a person has to deal with usually if not for a large amount of time, it can be every day for the restRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1030 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Defining what is abnormal is not necessarily easy. There are many different criteria to determine what exactly is normal and what is abnormal. According to Ciccarelli and White (2012) as early as 3000 B.C.E. there have been human skulls found with holes in them. Archaeologists suspect this was caused because of the treatments they had years ago such as â€Å"trepanning†. Trepanning is done nowadays as well to remove extra fluids from the brain, as for years ago doctors didRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Personality )1254 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder) is thought to be a complex mental condition that is likely brought on by numerous variables, including serious injury amid early adolescence generally compelling, repetitive physical, sexual, or psychological mistreatment. The greater part of us have encountered mild dissociation, which resemble wandering off in fantasy land or losing all sense of direction at the time while taking a shot at an undertaking. In any

The Causes Of Water Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 518 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Topics: Water Pollutions Essay Did you like this example? The percentage of 2.3 shows the amount of water in which is viewed as safe to consume. There are many ways water gets polluted, people pollute water by decomposing hazardous substances Like chemicals, trash, oil, and its decaying the water supplies. There are different types of pollution and for example surface water pollution and groundwater pollution. Safe drinkable water is depended on about 40 percent of americans. There are many issues in which water pollution creates and people have to know the causes water pollution to attempt to find resolve the problems. (Water Pollution) There are many imitators that cause water pollution to occur and come in many different ways. Water pollution is triggered by pollution that is mostly and highly created by humans. Industry buildings, plantations, and populated areas like towns and cities are polluting the waters around the world. Big factories let off heat into the atmosphere and believe it or not climate change affects the water but reducing the amount of oxygen in the water leaving marine animals and plants to die. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Causes Of Water Pollution" essay for you Create order Greater amount of humans are being killed due to hazardous water compared to to casualties in war like disasters. The pollution of water is damaging our environment and ecosystems in a way that it becomes harmful for people and animals who rely on safe water. Water pollution is affecting people by ruining and contaminating the water we drink with trash and other dangerous liquids like oil, fertilizers, This is killing people and destroying humans health not only people but also animals like marine animals and the animals in which drink or use water. Water pollution can be irreversible but that doesnt mean people cant stop it from continuing occur. There are some big solutions in which can help reduce the pollution of water. Huge amounts of pollutants come from sea transportations or haul ships in which can have oil spills and could drop some cargo or items along the way making sure that items being transported are super secure and being careful to not have oil spills. In addition to this, huge factories who are mostly point source pollutants could help by getting rid of harmful chemicals and substances carefully to avoid polluting water and helping improve the oceans, lakes, and rivers. In fact, 300 to 400 metric tons of debris are dumped into bodies of water, Unfortunately, this is only coming from big industrial developments.. If many causiants of the pollution could decrease or stop polluting it would massively help the environment and help the water quality. There are many things in which arent easy for people to control because they dont control some industrial building or other huge main source pollutants and they cant completely stop them. That doesnt mean they dont have control over water pollution because its people who have control over the increase or decrease of water pollution. Therefore, people can contribute and help decrease water pollution by acting immediately. Avoiding to dispose non-biodegradable trash anywhere in a body of water or around water can help the marine life like the animals and plants who get harmed by waste and unsafe water.